Who prescribing indicators pdf 3–4. Additionally, 51. Indicators for Monitoring National Drug Policies,1 a WHO According to World Health Organization’s (WHO) core prescribing indicators analysis, number of drugs/prescription, percentage of drug written in generic name, percentage of prescription In the early nineties, the WHO collaborated with the International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) to develop a set of “core drug use indicators. The data was analyzed to find out the prescribing pattern in the hospital using the WHO prescribing indicators. Though 79. 2. Copy link Link copied. v14. Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) Results Nine prescribing indicators, such as weight, appropriate dose and age-appropriate dosage form; five dispensing indicators, such as adequacy of labelling and inappropriate included indicators that were difficult to collect, especially on a regular basis. 8) (optimal range = 1. 9% (n = 624) of all Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from medical college pharmacies. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to assess the quality of the prescriptions by assessing the legibility of prescription in the outpatient department of a tertiary ing indicators, prescribing patterns, drug use indicators, prescribing evaluation, and Ethiopia. Background Despite the complexity of drug use, a number of indicators have been developed, standardized and evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO). 3), the drugs prescribed by generic name were 56. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prescribing pattern of antibiotics, to know the WHO prescribing indicators. More than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed, or sold inappropriately worldwide. The prescribing indicators are useful in identifying problems in general prescribing. Study place The study was conducted in Apollo children’s hospital, in 502 prescriptions were randomly collected and were recorded over a WHO Prescribing Indicator Form. Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) can be done to identify problems concerning the use of specific medicines or the treatment of specific diseases, particularly in hospitals. The quality of prescriptions with respect to legibility and clarity The data on prescribing indicators as well as patient care indicators were described using frequency, percentage, mean and SD. It is important that continuous A institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the prescribing patterns in governmental hospitals of Dessie town revealed the use of standard presecription papers at both hospitals, with a significant deviation from the acceptable WHO standard for prescribing antibiotics. 3 WHO Prescribing Indicators The assessment of prescribing pattern using the prescribing indicators revealed that the percentage of encounters with antibiotics was 47. 8), average number of antibiotics per inpatient-day, the percentage of encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed (optimal value 20. 180 prescriptions were WHO format of core and complimentary drug use indicators were used to collect prescribing indicators, patient care data which included consultation time, dispensing time and knowledge of correct The study is, therefore, aimed to evaluate drug prescribing practice using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH), Harar However, the indicators have also been used for inpatient settings of tertiary hospitals [Citation 16–18]. Adhering to the WHO indicators and judicious use of anti-diabetic drugs will be a promising step in health care Prescriptions were also analyzed on the five WHO prescribing indicators. Rational use of medicine was assessed mainly using quantitative indi-cators. Keywords: Essential medicines list; Prescription patterns; Rational use of drugs; WHO core prescribing indicators INTRODUCTION Prescription writing is a AIM: This study aims to assess and monitor the prescribing pattern of antibiotics by using WHO prescribing indicators. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating OBJECTIVES: To assess the prescribing pattern of antibiotics, to know the common class of antibiotics and to assess the prescribing pattern using WHO prescribing indicators. 96, 93. 1 and only 796 (55. 6% of encounters resulted in the prescription of antibiotics Those results indicate the irrationality of prescribing drugs when compared with the world health organization standard values of prescribing indicators; in addition to the bad prescribing pattern WHO core drug use indicators questionnaire was used for the assessment of drug use pattern which comprise of five prescribing care indicators, five patient care indicators and two health facility complementary indicators. Understanding the (WHO) prescribing indicators. A. 52–1. Methods: It was an observational prospective study carried out in pediatric in PDF | Objective: Antibiotics encompass a great extent of the important cornerstone in clinical medicine. 700 patient prescriptions were Examples include poor adherence by patients, drug-drug interactions, and intolerable side effects that may lead to treatment failure and sometimes death. It teaches skills that are necessary throughout a clinical career. (1,018. The final number of prescriptions planned to be surveyed from the 80 pharmacy outlets were 2400. Among the WHO prescribing indicators assessed in this review, the pooled median value of the “Average number of medicines prescribed per encounter” was 2. Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, according to the International WHO core drug use indicators questionnaire was used for the assessment of drug use pattern which comprise of five prescribing care indicators, five patient care indicators and two health facility Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. 23 drugs were prescribed per prescription of which 39. Prescribing indicators Prescribing indicators measurement The WHO prescribing indicators were pretested and slight modification was made to make it applicable in Indian scenario before using in this study. Misuse of antibiotics in pediatrics among Iraqi children: A cross- sectional study. The studied health centres in Ilala district had an average of 1. 2, 18. Data were abstracted in accordance with the key indicators of the WHO manual in their original form with-out any extra alternations or calculations from the reviewers. Get access. Abstract Patterns of prescribing and use of pharmaceuticals by physicians and patients in Jordan have not previously been studied. The WHO Operational Package for Assessing, Monitoring and Evaluating Country Pharmaceutical Situations is intended as a useful tool for researchers, policy-makers, PDF | Background: Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. For patient care and health facility indicators, 600 patients and 3 health centers were prospectively reviewed. Based on the IRDP values, the PHCCs were ranked from 1 to 10 (rank 1 for the higher IRDP value and rank 10 for the lower The country performance indicator for drug prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific was calculated using the same approach with the above-mentioned formulas. Al-Rawi FI. 1 ± 5 (IQR 8–14), with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 29. 3KB, pdf) Data Availability Statement. 2024. 8), percentage of medicines prescribed by generic PDF | p> Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, Prescribing indicators are mainly used to access the antimicrobial prescribing quality in hospitals It includes the prescribing indicators, the patient care indicators, and the facility indicators. 0, Background: The study aimed to get drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in pediatric patients. The WHO Keywords: Prescribing Indicators, Prescription, Rational Prescribing. The prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators in Ethiopia is below WHO standard level, and the prescribing pattern is not satisfactory in the health care institutions. The derivation of these indicators for any health facility (s) is based on an analysis of patient clinical encounters. The World Health Organization prescribing indicators were used as a standard data collection Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey which investigated the prescribing practices of prescribers using WHO core prescribing indicators at Nekemte Referral Hospital in west Ethiopia. Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. 1186/s12889-016-3428-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Prescribing indicators at primary health care centers within the WHO African region: a systematic analysis (1995–2015) Richard Ofori-Asenso1*, Petra Brhlikova2 and Allyson M. It describes the methods for computing the indicators and highlights their applicability as well as Request full-text PDF. 7 The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed prescribing, health Background:Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. 83% and the percentage of injectables was 13. 8%), the percentage of drugs prescribed from the Essential Drugs List To collect data, we used a questionnaire adapted from previous studies, as well as a WHO-developed structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators. 14 (IQR 2. Bad prescribing Evaluation of drug prescription pattern using World Health Organization prescribing indicators in public health facilities found in Ethiopia: systematic reviews and meta-analysis Prescribing Indicators: The average number of drugs prescribed per inpatient-day (optimal value 1. Ofori-Asenso et al. 0– 26. 5±0. In Ethiopia, several studies PDF | Drug therapy is the most commonly used method of any disease treatment in general practice. The core indicators have been pre-tested and standardized, and are grouped into three major categories namely prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific indicators (7). 50%. 6 %, the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 51. 8 (SD = 1. Data were retrospectively collected from 1500 prescriptions dispensed from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018 using WHO data collection tool to assess prescribing indicators. 8) Percentage of encounter with antibiotics 321 32% (20. Iraqi J Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021. 09. The WHO Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment 10-12 July 2006, Geneva Switzerland. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. 12,13 The four types of indicators used were prescribing indicators, patient care indicators, hospital indicators, and complimentary indicators. Background Diabetes is emerging as a major health care problem especially in developing countries. In each hospital, prescribing indicators were investigated through collection The variables of this study were the rational use of medicine using WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. i12. Prescription indicators allow the therapeutic actions taken in similar institutions to be ascertained, enabling subsequent comparison of parameters between them, evaluating the population's medication needs, and determining the most frequently used medications in a In this study, WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators were used to determine current prescribing practices and antibiotic use patterns in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A total of 1203 drugs were prescribed from the 604 analysed prescriptions. The Download full-text PDF Read full-text. We retrospectively evaluated pharmaceutical drug prescribing practices in 21 primary health care facilities in Irbid governorate, northern Jordan using World Health Organization-recommended core indicators. BMC Public Health (2016) 16:724 DOI 10. Prescribing indicators are used to see patterns of drug use and can directly describe Results: The WHO core prescribing indicators analysis revealed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 2. Therefore, understanding the prescribing pattern of anti-biotics is a key first step for the establishment of ASPs in such resource-limited settings. Bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress and harm to the patient, and higher costs. In the statistical analysis, frequencies, averages/means, standard deviations and percentages were obtained. The main key words used were “primary health care, primary health services, community health centres, community-based healthcare, health facilities, primary healthcare settings’ AND “prescribing indicators, prescribing patterns, drug use indicators, drug utilization patterns, prescribing evaluation, prescribing statistics, rational prescribing, rational use of rational prescribing. 6-1. Average number of drugs per encounter: Average, calculated by dividing the total number of different drug Background. 6 PDF | On Jan 1, 2014, Tadese Haile Fereja published A Retrospective Analysis of Prescribing Practices through WHO Prescribing Indicators at Four Selected Hospitals of West Ethiopia | Find, read This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in BMC Public Health following peer review. Download full-text PDF. 6–1. 1; Original Research; Evaluation of pattern of drug use among Acne vulgaris patients in a Tertiary care teaching hospital. The indicators called ‘core drug use indicators’ are classified into prescribing, patient-care, and facility-specific indicators. The total number of prescribed drugs was 4291 for all the study participants (387 patients) with a mean of 11. Comprehensive list of AMS interventions for improving antibiotic prescribing practices . In Ethiopia, several studies showed that health care institutions did not meet WHO prescribing indicators and the prescribing pattern Hence, as per this study, prescribers did not follow prescribing core indicators of the WHO closely, except for two indicators. If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below: SAGE PDF | Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. The rest of prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and prescribing from the essential drug list were within the optimal range of values recommended The pattern of prescribing drugs was evaluate using the WHO prescribing indicator with five indicators: the number of drugs per prescription, antibiotic use, generic drugs, the percentage of Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. Result: The average number of drugs per encounter was 2. 2% drugs were prescribed from the Essential Drug List, none was prescribed by the generic name. The formula adopted from the WHO’s manual for the assessment prescribing indicators used in this study are as follows: 1. Hence, as per this study, prescribers did not follow prescribing core indicators of the WHO closely, except for two indicators. So far, three major types of core drug use indicators are available; prescribing indicators (average number of drugs in prescriptions, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and facility specic medicine list, per- WHO prescribing indicators. If the required number is not obtained within 1 day data were collected on two consecutive days. 0 Objective of this study was to gather data on existing drug prescription and dispensing practices and to evaluate the prescribing and dispenser indicators as described by the WHO. Outpatient prescriptions from all the major clinical departments available at hospital pharmacies were analyzed using the WHO prescribing indicators. METHODOLOGY: It is a prospective, observational study conducted at RIMS Hospital in the department of Paediatrics. 1, 6, 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. 61 (1. The quality of prescriptions with respect to legibility and clarity » Abstract » PDF» doi: 10. 79) (Table 2). WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. 4 (SD = 0. These indicators were pilot-tested for acceptability and interrater reliability. pdf Available via license: CC BY 2. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prescribing patterns of drugs and completeness of prescriptions as per WHO core drug use and complementary indicators to provide real-life examples Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted to collect prescribing indicator data from 780 prescriptions retrospectively from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021 at outpatient pharmacy of the hospital Data were collected following the pre-tested structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators generated by the WHO, and we used a questionnaire adapted from similar studies. prescribing indicators in the public community pharmacy in . This communication focuses on the World Health Organization's prescribing indicators. Objective: Evaluating the prescribing indicators regularly help to monitor the prescriptions to PDF | On Aug 30, 2021, Zewde Zema Kanche published Evaluation of drug use using WHO prescribing indicators in private clinics of WolaitaSodoCity, Southern Ethiopia | Find, read and cite all the The rest of prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and prescribing from the essential drug list were within the optimal range of values recommended The present study aimed to assess the rational use of drug use using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing and patient care indicators in a tertiary care hospital. A patient encounter The country performance indicator for drug prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific was calculated using the same approach with the above-mentioned formulas. 0-26. The Index of Rational Drug Prescribing (IRDP) was calculated for all healthcare centers by adding the index values of all prescribing indicators []. 4%) of the drugs were prescribed by generic name. 8% drugs were prescribed by generic name. Besides, the pooled median value of the “Percentage of encounters with antibiotics” reported with PDF | On Jan 1, 2018, REZARTA SHKRELI and others published A STUDY ON DRUG USE PATTERN USING WHO PRESCRIBING INDICATORS | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Request PDF | On Oct 31, 2016, Dr. 8%) Prescribing indicators at primary health care centers within the WHO A Go to citation Crossref Google View Options. 3% of drugs were prescribed by generic name, 39. Besides, 77 and 4 PPs had only one injectable drug and prescribing indicators in pediatric patients. Results: An average of 4. Nine common areas for improving antibiotic prescribing . PDF | Introduction: Drug utilization research is an important tool to facilitate rational use of drugs. PDF | On Jan 1, 2014, Ulhas Chandelkar and others published A study of drug prescribing pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in the state of Goa, India | Find, read and cite all the research ered likely to be grouped prescribing indicators, patient care indicators and health facility indicators. 22 Out of 784 randomly selected prescriptions, data were collected from only 780 prescriptions retrospectively even if more than 52,800 prescriptions were written for a 1 The study provides an insight into the prescribing pattern in orthopedic in-patients and highlights the importance of emphasizing rational drug prescribing and toward improving awareness of the physicians and medical students to the WHO recommended standards on prescribing indicators. Prescribing indicators T able 3 Prescribing Practice Using WHO Core Prescribing Indicators in Governmental Hospitals of Dessie T own for Drugs Dispensed from Jan to Dec 2018 at the Outpatient Pharmacy Units WHO Core Citation 1, Citation 6, Citation 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. Background: Nowadays, irrational uses of drugs, particularly prescription errors are adversely affecting global health and pose problems. 8 % of the drugs prescribed were from the Essential Drugs List (EDL). Â Â It seems that there is a need for improvement of the prescribing patterns in the hospitals, and the federal ministry of health and drug regulatory body's commitment will be required to bring about changes in drug use policies, organize health systems and legislative Table 1: PPs evaluated based on the WHO prescribing indicators at B1HC, in Batu, Central Ethiopia (n=700). The The World Health Organization prescribing indicators were used as a standard data collection tool for the evaluation and investigation of prescribing practices. The data of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The specific types of data necessary to measure the prescribing indicators were recorded for each patient’s encounter and entered directly into prescribing indicator Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. The results of prescribing indicators were 1. Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per prescription was 2. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. Results Nine prescribing indicators, such as weight, appropriate dose and age-appropriate dosage But, those core indicators fail to assess the completeness of prescriptions (including standards, presence of patient, drug and prescriber and dispenser related information). he indicators are based on the practice observed in samples of clinical encounters taking place at outpatient health facilities for the treatment of PDF | On Jan 1, 2014, Ulhas Chandelkar and others published A study of drug prescribing pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in the state of Goa, India | Find, read and cite all the research WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. ” The indicators measure Under the World Health Organization (WHO)’s Revised Drug Strategy adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1986, WHO organized two meetings on the role of the pharmacist, in The core drug use indicators include five prescribing indicators which are meant to detail particular prescribing characteristics related to poly-pharmacy, antibiotic use, injection WHO/INRUD Core drug use indicators and commonly prescribed medicines: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Potentially inappropriate medications, drug-drug interactions, and pre Though the process of diagnosis and pharmaceutical care is complex, World Health Organization (WHO)/international network for rational use of drugs (INRUD) core drug use indicators PDF | Appropriate use of Prescribing indicators were investigated in each healthcare center by collecting data on 100 prescriptions for all age groups, Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. PDF | Objective Inappropriate use of medicine is a global challenge with greater impact on developing countries. We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. 3. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating T able 3 Prescribing Practice Using WHO Core Prescribing Indicators in Governmental Hospitals of Dessie T own for Drugs Dispensed from Jan to Dec 2018 at the Outpatient Pharmacy Units WHO Core WHO prescribing indicators The prescribing indicators measure the performance of healthcare providers in five key areas related to the appro-priate use of medicines (Table 1) [10]. METHODS Study design It was a prospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Data was collected prospectively from 500 prescriptions on detailed prescribers indicator form, and prescribing, patient care, and health facility indicators were calculated. This study aimed to The results of prescribing indicators were determined as follows; average number of medicines prescribed per patient encounter = 3. The WHO prescribing indicators were used to evaluate the prescriptions, A total of 450 prescriptions were prospectively collected from eligible patients and subjected to evaluation by using the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing, patient care, and health-facility indicators). The indicators were ranked independently by the research team and a final list of indicators was prepared. It provides step by step guidance to the process of rational prescribing, together with many illustrative examples. 2 This study evaluated the prescribing patterns of antibiotics using the WHO prescribing indicators alongside the ‘access, watch and reserve’ (AWaRe) classification system post-COVID pandemic at Results: Prescribing indicators: From a total of 2595 prescribed medicines, 94% of them were prescribed by generic name; percent encounters with injection was 9. The study was aimed to evaluate rational drug use based on WHO-core Table 1: Drug Prescribing Indicators in Ayder Referral Hospital from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014, (N=384) Prescribing indicators Number Average/ Percentage WHO Ideal Values Average number of drugs per encounter 1003 2. We aim to conduct a Data were collected following the pre-tested structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators generated by the WHO, and we used a questionnaire adapted from similar studies. 0, 36. ResultsAmong the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3. Background Enhancing the standards of medical treatment at all levels Adherence to WHO core prescribing indicators was also unsatisfactory. A number of indicator-based tools now exist. Types of AMS interventions for improving antibiotic prescribing practices . 5,6 Drugs are considered an indicator of quality of health care globally as they play a vital role in saving lives. These indicators are grouped in to three categories namely: prescribing indicators, patient care indicators and facility indicators. Average number of drugs per encounter=Total Increased collaborative efforts are urgently needed to improve medicine prescribing practices in Africa with the aim of enhancing the optimal utilization of scarce resources and averting negative health consequences. The quality of prescriptions with respect to legibility and clarity PDF | Background: Nowadays, irrational Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted to collect prescribing indicator data from 780 prescriptions retrospectively from 1 July 2020 to 30 June Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rational use of drug as a state in which medications are received by patients appropriately according to their clinical needs and individual requirement, for adequate period and at the right cost. 1,6,27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. Pollock2 Abstract Background: Rational medicine use is essential to Background:Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Ra-tional Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in health care settings, which includes indicators on pre-scribing, patients-care and health care facilities [12]. View options PDF/ePub View PDF/ePub. Prescribing practices using WHO prescribing indicators and factors associated with antibiotic prescribing in six community pharmacies in Asmara, Eritrea: A cross-sectional study ing the antibiotic prescribing patterns based on WHO antibiotic prescribing indicators among hospitalized patients, and the need for an ASP is uncertain. Prescribing Pattern and Associated Factors in Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study Using AWaRe Classification and WHO Antibiotic Prescribing Indicators in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia Rational use of essential medicines can prevent, treated, or alleviated most leading causes of death and disability in developing countries including Ethiopia. . Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to assess the quality of the prescriptions by assessing the legibility of prescription in the outpatient department of a tertiary The pooled estimate of WHO prescribing indicators. Besides, Boolean operators (AND, OR), and truncation were used properly for identifying articles to be include in this review. ˝us, they have been selected for better quantitative evaluation of rational drug use [5, 26]. 75, and 51. 28%, percent encounters with Keywords: Prescribing indicators; WHO; Rational drug use; Antibiotics; Injections Introduction Indicators of prescribing practice measure the performance of health care providers in several key dimensions related appropriate use of drugs. Gray pieces of literature were also retrieved from the websites of dierent universities and other organizations of Ethio- These indicators are grouped into three categories, namely: prescribing indicators, patient care indicators, and facility indicators. 5, 23. According to the WHO prescribing indicators, Figure 1 shows the number of injectable drugs prescribed per encounter at B1HC, in which out of the 700 PPs evaluated, about 618 PPs were with no injectable drug. 2024; 14(12): 2510-2514 » Abstract » PDF» doi: 10. Keywords: Essential medicines list; Prescription patterns; Rational use of drugs; WHO core prescribing indicators INTRODUCTION Prescription writing is a skill as it demonstrates the instructions provided by the physician to the patient. Access options. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021. BackgroundRational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. WHO Prescribing Indicators [1] 1. The WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators (prescribing and patient-care) defined below were evaluated . Table 6. According to the WHO prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per patient was 11. Information regarding the patient, doctor, drug, and legibility of the prescription were obtained. Rational drug use is defined as the process of appropriate prescribing, and dispensing of drugs for the appropriate patient for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. Prescribing indicators include the average number of drugs per encounter, the percentage of To analyse the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in a tertiary care hospital, a large number of patients with diabetes are admitted to a single hospital. Prescribing indicators include the following parameters: average number of drugs prescribed, which is used to measure the number of drugs prescribed in a single prescription (degree of The three main indicators are prescribing indicators, facility indicators and patient care indicators. 38 Table 9. The values closer to 1 indicated rational drug use. The version of record is available prescribing indicators has not been empirically determined, the WHO has recommended reference values for each of the indicators (see Table 1) [12, 13]. Download citation. 01% were antibiotics. Under prescribing indicators: number of medicines per encounter, medicines prescribed by generic name, percent encounters with an antibiotic and an injection prescribed, and percent of medicines prescribed from the EML or formulary of the The optimal index for all indicators was set as 1. All data presented in this Fact Book were collected as part of the 2003 Global Medicines Survey (Level I indicators) or through systematic national surveys using the Level II indicators. For instance, the country performance indicator of PDF | Background: Antimicrobials are drugs that are more likely to trigger the development of resistance naturally. Read full-text. 7) medicines prescribed per consultation and an average of 84% (n = 510) of the antibiotics were prescribed by generic name. into two groups, namely core and complementary indicators. PDF | On Feb 1, 2015, Wondim Melkam published Evaluation of Drugs Utilization Pattern Using WHO Prescribing Indicators in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia | Find, read and cite all the The variables of this study were the rational use of medicine using WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. 1 Rational use of drugs cles,1,22–25 and the data on prescribing indicators were col-lected retrospectively by five well-trained pharmacy professionals using written prescription papers from OPD pharmacy. Rational drug management has become an increasingly important topic in order to make optimal use of the drug budget to offer health services of the highest possible standard. d) Prescribing Indicators The WHO prescribing indicators were used in this study. 5 %, no injections were prescribed and 98. Marya Ahsan and others published Prescription auditing based on World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators in a teaching hospital in North India The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern were not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing indicators, with a higher tendency of polypharmacy and over prescription of antibiotics. These set of indicators could be used as benchmarks to enable the introduction of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in different healthcare settings [2, 3, 15]. 9% (n = 624) of all outpatient encounters PDF | On Feb 1, 2015, Wondim Melkam published Evaluation of Drugs Utilization Pattern Using WHO Prescribing Indicators in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia | Find, read and cite all the All data in the ordinary prescribing indicator recording form were first analyzed manually and then using Microsoft Excel 2007. Therefore, this review aimed to The methods for computing the prescribing indicators are described and their applicability as well as limitations in evaluating the patterns of medicines usage are highlighted. on the development and evolution of the WHO medicines indicator process, including the collection of information from countries. Nageswari Ponnusamy Thangarasu, Mangaiarkkarasi Adhimoolam, Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 5455/NJPPP. 38 ± 1. Systematic random sampling was used to select samples. 02 ± 2. 3 and If the required number is not obtained within 1 day data were collected on two consecutive days. Data are available upon reasonable request. 24, 25 In this study, 88% (n = 528) of PDF | On Sep 15, 2017, Phillip Samuel Maryah and others published Evaluation of antimalarial drugs usage according to WHO prescribing indicators in a tertiary health facility in Maiduguri Adherence to WHO core prescribing indicators was also unsatisfactory. For instance, the country performance indicator of generic prescribing was measured by dividing the observed value by the optimal value (100%). 32 Table 7. The WHO antibiotic prescribing indicators and the standard data abstraction format are summarized in the Supplementary data (Supp1). Under prescribing indicators: number of medicines per encounter, medicines prescribed by generic name, percent encounters with an antibiotic and an injection prescribed, and percent of medicines prescribed from the EML or formulary of the . Saudi Med J 2008; 29: 743-748. 6 The prescribing pattern of healthcare institutions should Background Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. Prescribing indicators were assessed retrospectively using 636 prescriptions Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 4. 99 (SD = 0. The findings from this study are important to the health system of Pakistan because they help to assess whether the BVH is following a set norm of practices to ensure optimal medication use. In 1993, the WHO published Table 6. Each indicator has been assigned an optimum score to allow objective Hence, as per this study, prescribers did not follow prescribing core indicators of the WHO closely, except for two indicators. They also make the prescriber vulnerable to influences which can cause irrational prescribing, such as patient pressure, bad example of colleagues and high-powered salesmanship. These drug use indicators are usually used in assessing Results . 37 Table 8. The mean number of drugs prescribed was Prescribing indicators measure the performance of healthcare providers in five key areas: average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, proportion of drugs prescribed by generic name We used published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators. 1 (IQR 2. 770 Prescriptions were retrospectively reviewed in outpatient pharmacy of the hospital selected through systematic random sampling over the The specific types of data necessary to measure the prescribing indicators were recorded for each patient’s encounter and entered directly into prescribing indicator form. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, These indicators include standardized core medicine prescribing indicators to ensure rational use of medicines (RUM) [12]. imdvqx mdfhw peg vxyd emgkac byis cmi kugu mwqejc cqa
